Galileo and church Essay Example For Students

Galileo and church Essay Galileo, Science and the Church, by Jerome J. Langford, are about the hardships of Galileo with the Roman Catholic Church during the 1600s. The congregation didn't concur with Galileos thoughts; basically speculations related with Copernican space science. The essential expectation of Langford is to carry reality of Galileos preliminaries to his perusers, and to show that at last Galileo was right in his speculations and was doing whatever it takes not to conflict with the houses of worship conviction. Galileo was simply attempting to look for truth in science, and needed to be known as a verifiable logical figure. Accordingly, Galileo was unreasonably denounced, scorned, and sentenced for blasphemy. In Galileos protection of sin, Langford composes, This was a deplorable choice on a few records. First the Copernican assessment was treated as blasphemous when, as a general rule, it was most certainly not. (155) Langford proceeds to clarify that the religious Consultors in 1616 perceiv ed the earths versatility as officially shocking, however this didn't make the fixed status of the earth a matter of confidence. Catholic rationalists and scholars additionally concur that the pronouncement of the Holy Office didn't make the idleness of the earth or the versatility of the sun a matter of confidence. These focuses unmistakably bolster the contention of Galileos treacherous conviction of apostasy. Langford additionally utilizes extracts of different compositions to delineate his primary concerns. Coming up next is one of numerous portions Langford uses:Inasmuch as no obstinate choice was rendered for this situation, either with respect to the Pope or with respect to a Council managed by the Pope and endorsed by him, it isn't, by prudence of that announcement of the Congregation, a tenet of confidence that the sun is moving and the earth stopping. However every Catholic is limited by prudence of acquiescence to fit in with the pronouncement of the Congregation, or if n othing else not to instruct what is legitimately contradicted to it.(156) This selection, as do numerous others, plainly support Langfords contention. The congregation couldn't help contradicting Galileos contemplations. They really went similarly as revealing to Galileo that he was to quit lecturing his thoughts as long as he was associated with the congregation. Langford composes, Yet, reviewing the tone of the restriction, Urban surrendered that insofar as Galileo regarded the Copernican hypothesis as a theory, he could compose all he needed regarding the matter. (114) If he would leave the congregation, he would have the option to voice his assessments and thoughts unreservedly. I trust Langfords cunning utilization of passages; demonstrate that he isn't the only one in his conviction that Galileo was wrongly charged. He likewise expresses what is on his mind by taking note of that the fixed status of the earth doesn't involve confidence. This by itself exhibits that Galileo didn't submit sin. My feeling is that the congregation ought to have permitted Galileo to voice his assessment of the Copernican hypothesis since he was attempting to look for reality in science, to all the more likely instruct the world, doing whatever it takes not to go legitimately against the congregation. Accordingly, Langford has prevailing in his conviction that Galileo was unjustifiably indicted for apostasy. Bibliography:none

Abu Dhabi Police Essay Example for Free

Abu Dhabi Police Essay The point of convergence of this paper is to build up an arrangement that would be effectively actualizing a hierarchical change the board framework inside Abu Dhabi Police division so as to expand its proficiency, advancement and accomplishing future targets. It ought to be expressed that right now there are a few issues identified with the issue and it is expected to beat those so as to acquire mileage over the long haul. The primary part of this issue lies in the conventional type of police and examination methods that are considered and executed with relatively lesser proficiency. This could likewise be satiated that the usefulness of the Abu Dhabi police division is increasingly old in approach and there is a basic requirement for the office to find the remainder of the world regarding innovation execution and productivity assessment. Besides, it is likewise fundamental to investigate the parts of authoritative reproduction as the office can't work up to its actual potential with the managerial structure situated at a medieval situation. (Sheep, 2004, 69) Thus it can well be expressed that the issue with Abu Dhabi police isn't just with it’s beneath the standard utility and productivity yet in addition is identified with the evil definition of the regulatory framework. Logically, the division is in extraordinary need of discovering answers for invalidating these issues. It ought to be expressed that right now there is a five stage solution for this disease. Right off the bat, it is basic to comprehend the current administration of Abu Dhabi police division and distinguish the key zones of progress. Correspondingly, it is significant in the part of examining the past to get a comprehension about Abu Dhabi Police department’s status and critically taking out the danger of following the old missteps. At that point, it ought to be noticed that a wide report is fused with an assortment of techniques for change the executives rehearses and their appropriateness in Abu Dhabi Police office. Moreover, it is critical to research the capability of elective strategies for change the executives and the most favorable will be propelled. In conclusion, a methodology would be made with imminent upgrade that can be presented, understanding the structure and working society as of now present in Abu Dhabi police office. It ought to be referenced that the hypothetical system will include police and open meetings, police and public’s vital meeting, authentic records, auxiliary research through the Internet and college database, it will likewise utilize vital examination apparatuses for advancement of the assessment of the best strategy among coercive and consensual policing. In this setting it ought to likewise be referenced that the reason for the undertaking is figured in a commonly useful manner with the end goal that from a scholastic point of view there would be an immense increase with regards to significant experience, and all the while include an incentive by giving bits of knowledge just as a new target attitude toward any issue pertinent to the social setting. Research configuration will follow the accompanying technique or timetable. Right off the bat the members will be prepared about information assortment strategies and instruments to be utilized to gather the pertinent data. The members will incorporate cops, information assortment officials, group pioneers and other creative work force. Also the territories to be met will be distinguished and availability decided. These territories to be tested for the examination can run from 10-16 of these regions, state 5 will be the place coercive policing will be forced and other five consensual policing can be applied. The time of the exploration can take a time of least 3 months and a limit of a half year of which during this period information will be gathered. Thirdly the information so gathered will be set up as a report of discoveries. At last, the last reports will be investigated and assessment for assurance of the distinction among consensual and coercive types of strategy. The diverse should put more accentuation on the distinction. So as to achieve the destinations it is fundamental to perceive the current practices in Abu Dhabi police office and furthermore in the cutting edge police branches of nations like USA, Germany, UK, Australia and so on. This will be finished by singular meetings of the authorities in Abu Dhabi and the through surveys from different corners of the world. Essential research will be diligent on close to home meetings with Abu Dhabi Police division authorities that will give an internal perspective on the present setting and future objectives. This will likewise be a key premise of understanding the inactivity for change. This will help in drawing out the sign of the present oversaw framework in Abu Dhabi police division association. At last the customers will help in giving the genuine print of Abu Dhabi Police department’s working and key regions of progress. Information introduced from this exploration will help to assess the accepted procedures model and the real working. This will help in demonstrating the distinction and the purpose behind Abu Dhabi police office association to actualize a fruitful change the board. Abu Dhabi Police higher authorities will be haphazardly chosen with great time and spot for the meetings to be completed. At long last the examination will be centered around the authentic information by taking a gander at the Abu Dhabi Police department’s technique previously. On the off chance that any disappointment or any glitches are to be found in organizations technique they will be pointed in this examination. This will assist the author with understanding the Abu Dhabi Police department’s objectives before and their execution procedure. It is important to plan another trial that test the factual strategy. For the reason it is important to gather a total information of the site that would incorporate diverse religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation. An open gathering with police just as the general mass or open would be extremely pertinent in this setting in the underlying stages. The blended sexual orientation of male and female Police and open could well be barred as that would confound matters with regards to sex variable compared with other pre referenced factors yet considering other trustworthy elements supporting it would respect be productive over the long haul. Information would be gathered corresponding to the sex, shading, religion of the potential clients in regard to the piece of the administration under similar parameters. Every one of these factors are considered as exceptionally applicable and significant highlights of the factual technique and it is to be checked whether these perspectives are generally adequate in commonsense world and it could well be referenced that social assistance, particularly security administration industry, are an extremely pertinent indication of the social measurements. Subsequently if the test is done in a legitimate way with appropriate counts of the populace included then there is no explanation that the outcomes would be both intelligent and valid toward the end thought. In understanding to the fundamental test chosen it could be expressed that it could be conceivable that the result would be moderately legitimate as in it would at last follow the patterns of social help hypothesis in promoting and accordingly it would be pleasing with the measurable technique and therefore a very much planned advertising system can be developed to help the Police and open the same as a clear strategy can be picked among coercive and consensual policing. Be that as it may, it ought to be expressed that there would be barely any free factors with regards to the test that couldn't be clarified by the measurable technique explanations. Here the moral thought of the potential Police and open or the ethnic foundation of the potential Police and open may not be an applicable factor. In this manner there could be a few defects to the assortment of the populace yet on the off chance that these viewpoints are remembered, at that point the deficiencies would effortlessly be haggled during a definitive calculations. Accordingly the test would give off an impression of being a full sealed measure that would have the option to characterize and demonstrate the essential perspectives and factual technique applied. It ought to be noticed that the entrance to the exploration members is both simple and hard. Regarding the open meeting it would be moderately simple to recognize and get to however the troublesome part is outline the examiner in understanding to the shading and ideology of the members all in all. If there should arise an occurrence of the police talk with there would be progressively homogenous example as far as the examiner however the troublesome part is obtain entrance. For the reason it is organized to get consent from the expectation office. Information will be gathered utilizing two unique techniques. The primary will be interviews, which include residents, cops from the tested territories. This is a favorable position in that input can be acquired in a flash. The subsequent will be utilization of surveys, which will be regulated to the inspected territories. The poll to be utilized will be the opened kind. The benefit of this strategy is that the data got can be measured to mirror that the examined bunch as a feature of the whole populace. The bit of leeway is that it is simpler to investigate information gathered through survey technique. It ought to be noticed that dependability for the specialist was accomplished in the confirmation that solitary a predefined gathering of people were used as to the examination. That gathering was centered for the most part around clients and retails alongside authoritative work force. This gave the examination an increasingly engaged perspective on the exploration objective. The legitimacy was overseen because of this concentration and underscored in the contemplations engaged with the information assortment, factors, and examining techniques. Protection and privacy strategies included allocating numeric and alphabetic coding to each reacting poll. This guaranteed obscurity with respect to t

Hamlets Relationship with His Mother Gertrude [Research Paper]

Affirmation Nobly, the analyst might want to offer appreciation to all who has helped me in the fruition of this Internal Assessment. Appreciation and thankfulness to, God the greater part of all, on the grounds that without him there's is no capacity to finish something. He assisted with directing the scientist and helped her set aside her slothfulness and complete her examination adequately. The most youthful sister of the analyst merits thankfulness since she helped the specialist in getting references and assembling the basic for this task. Much love to you, Lisan.To every one of those, for example, my companions and respondents to my survey, Merci. Would like to tamely give back in kind one day. Presentation Locale: Urban Parish: St. Ann School Code: 06063 Gender: Female School Organization: Whole Day Size: Class III Attendance Rate: 92% Capacity: 1000 Enrolment: 950 Number of Teachers: 41 Pupil/Teacher Ratio: 24:1 Owned by: Anglican Church Socio-Economic Context St. Hildaâ€⠄¢s Diocesan High School for young ladies was built up by the Anglican Church in 1906 as a little day school run by the Deaconesses.In 1917, it was named The Diocesan High School for Girls and moved to its current site in 1922. It was given the current name in 1927. St. Hilda’s is situated in Browns Town, St. Ann. It is a medium estimated live-in school with roughly 950 understudies, and it has a limit of 1000. With 41 instructors, the understudy educator proportion is 24:1. The school’s normal day by day participation is 92 percent. Understudies are from blended financial foundations drawn from everywhere throughout the island and incorporate a rare sorts of people who are not Jamaicans. Numerous guardians are jobless however some are experts. Some work in the lodging business, some are farmers.The school saying: Res Severa Verum Gaudium (Hard work brings genuine euphoria) is a wellspring of motivation for staff and understudies the same and sums up the school’ s general disposition towards its undertakings and achievements. St. Hilda’s High school gets important help from business and network associations in the types of gifts and grants. Its high scholarly standard is supplemented by a rich social legacy which is exhibited in its yearly Eisteddfod. In 2010, the school was set fourth in the ‘All Together Sing’ ensemble rivalry and started things out in Bob Marley’s Song Arrangement Competition.For the last mentioned, the school got a copy of the icon’s guitar. Intercession programs like ‘Young ladies of Change’ offer help to understudies with passionate and social needs. Articulation of issue What is the degree of prejudice at St. Hilda’s Diocesan High, Brown’s Town? Points and targets Racism is endlessly obvious at this foundation. The consummation of this IA will consequently decide: The degree of bigotry at the organization The impact of prejudice at the establishment The out comes of bigotry at the foundation Literature survey Racism is the belief systems of social procedures which victimize individuals dependent on based on their having a place with various ethnicity. It ought to be noticed that a few sociologists, for example, Parsons, feel that individuals are principally associated to be bigot. The impacting variables of bigotry are: guardians, kin, peers, schools, administrative authorities, religion, broad communications and numerous others’ (Solomos, 1993, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). ‘Racial hindrances are an aftereffect of the distinctions in social attributes that don't match with the standards and estimations of the upper class’ (Smith, N. D received from Mustapha, 2009). for mix in the creolization procedure to occur multi-culturalism and majority of societies must be first acknowledged so as to diminish racial trashing (Braithwaite, embraced from Mustapha, 2009). ‘Similarly, functionalists focus on a social agree ment for an important adjusted and useful society’ (Kirby,1997 embraced from Haralambas and Holborn, 2004). Marx, in any case, sees bigotry as a conviction framework used to legitimize the abuse of the lower class residents by the high society. ‘ Some sociologists even accept that on the off chance that private enterprise had not grown, at that point racial preference, being referred to, would not exist’ (Kirby et. l 1997; Cox, 1970, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). ‘Interactionists accepts that racial clash was an aftereffect of the insufficiency in correspondence about the variety in the self-conceptualization. In the public eye, race and ethnicity are seen as factor since they are frequently being discussed’ (Lal, 1998; Kirby, 1997, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). ‘Racism was utilized to approve bondage during colonialism’ (Roleff, 1991). ‘In the nineteenth century, obligated specialists were purchased to Trinidad to displace the A fricans on the ranches and there was a quick attention to the ethnic differences.Hence, social separation in the manor society depended on the distinctions in the race in the public arena. In this manner, race is one of the principal factors behind class division in the public arena. ’ (Brereton, 1979 received from Reddock and Barrow, 2001). ‘The term race was first utilized in the fifteenth century yet just developed in significance with the connection to the advancement of progressivism purchased a feeling of personality to individuals, which was proposed to bring further improvement of society, alongside equality’ (Golberg, Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Whites in the public eye being unrivaled empowered prejudice and bigot convictions in the public arena and the bigotry prompted the impediments in the public activity odds of proletariats’ (Golberg, Haralambos and Holborn) ‘Segregation and separation in the public eye are additionally the aftereff ects of racism’ (Haralambos and Holborn, 20004). ‘Policies can be planned to encase equivalent chances and social joining, for example, the Race and Relations Acts’ (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). ‘The Creolization Thesis proposes the legislatures can advance social digestion and incorporation so as to have syncretism.A assortment of the social qualities mixed together to shape another culture that is agreeable for all individuals from society’ (Braithwaite, 1971, Mustapha, 2009). Research Design The term explore configuration might be characterized as the logical information gathered. It is from inquire about that hypotheses are inferred. Quantitative information was the chosen look into information since it is general, target and worth free. The measurements of the information accumulated can be effortlessly evaluated and is utilized to help the discoveries of research. Polls were utilized in light of the fact that they are utilized for acquiring s pecific instruments for information collection.The information accumulated from the surveys would be handily measured and shown in different figures and graphs. The examination depends on the level of the presence of bigotry at St. Hilda’s Diocesan High. To successfully finish this undertaking, the examination was finished during the time of November twentieth to November 30, 2012. So as to achieve information arbitrarily, the example populace was chosen by process. Two out of the fifty polls introduced were independently conveyed to understudies from each evaluation level and class with consent from the school head and structure educators. SampleA test might be characterized as a bit of a huge populace and it is frequently used to speak to the enormous populace. For this examination, arbitrary testing was utilized. So two out of fifty polls were to disseminated 2 understudies from each class from each evaluation level, who eagerly took an interest in the examination. This wo uld be viewed as precise arbitrary examining. It is considered as such on the grounds that the subject units were picked in a consistent request. The technique for inspecting is down to earth since it is time successful while choosing the equivalent from a huge populace. Information Collection InstrumentQuestionnaires were utilized to gather information. The utilization of surveys was both financially savvy and time powerful. The utilization of surveys guaranteed the support of expanded objectivity and the exactness in the investigation. The information accumulated from the polls can be effectively measured. Survey Gender male female How old right? Whatever ethnicity do you have a place? African Chinese American Mixed Do you know what bigotry is? On the off chance that truly, clarify. Do you think bigotry exists at St. Hilda’s Diocesan High? It would be ideal if you clarify the purpose behind your answer. How predominant is bigotry at St.Hilda’s Diocesan High? Extraord inary degree not an incredible degree non-existent Does bigotry at school influence you? In the event that truly, how. Okay view yourself as supremacist? Okay think about any of your companions as racists? Clarify answers for both number 7 and 8. Have you at any point been engaged with any bigot movement? If it's not too much trouble represent your answer. Have you at any point been a casualty of prejudice? Provided that this is true, how: Persons incite you about your ethnicity and religion people disregard your reality and mankind people disparage your family and legacy other. It would be ideal if you indicate. Does anybody at your school actuate racism?If all in all, who: scholarly staff peers head subordinate staff Do you think bigotry negatively affects understudies? On the off chance that truly, how: making understudies bomb scholastically as a result of low confidence and certainty genuinely scarring understudies, particularly the more youthful ones, forever If other, indicat e. What are a portion of the strategies that could be utilized to dispense with or decrease bigotry at St. Hilda’s? How would you figure the school on an entire can profit by the decrease or disposal of bigotry? Introduction of Findings Figure 1: Students influenced and not influenced by bigotry Figure 2: Been versus haven’t been casualties of racism.Figure 3: ways understudies were survivors of bigotry Figure 4: prejudice is prompted/not affected Figure 5: Does bigotry has or doesn’t negatively affect understudies? Investigation and Discussion of Findings As found in figure 1, 10% isn’t influenced by prejudice while 90% is. This shows by and large, a huge level of stu

The Importance of Occupational Stress for a Company - Free Essay Example

Executive summary This report describes what is occupational stress and illustrates the importance of occupational stress for the company. First, this report is based on the background of Apple Inc and research the reasons for occupational stress of the staffs and the influence of occupational stress. In this report which collected Apples background information and financial situation, through these data and market background to analyze why Apple staffs have occupational stress to get a certain conclusion. Some of the issues are from the staffs work environment, some issues are effected by the impact of the market environment and analyze the causes of occupational stress such as workload, staffs status, economic factors all would affect the levels of stress. Then it according to which the reason to list some suggestions for how to solve the occupational stress for the company. Occupational stress the need to resolve both from the perspective of the company and employees. Content 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Main body 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Results and Findings. 2.3 Discussion 3.0 Conclusions and recommendations 4.0 Reference: 1.0 Introduction Occupational stress is a big problem for many workers and which affect their work status and also would influence the development of the company. This report will introduce the occupational stress of staffs who work in Apple Inc and analyze the causes of the occupational stress and will give some solutions for Apple Inc to chang e this phenomenon. Apple is a company which focus on design, manufactures, and markets mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players, and sells a variety of related software, services, accessories, networking solutions, and third party digital content and applications (Annual Report 2014). Apple has become the second-largest information technology company in the world and which is also the third-largest mobile phone maker in the world (Annual Report 2014). Apple became the first U.S company its values is over $700 billion and became the largest publicly trade corporation in the world on 25th,11,2014 (Financial Post 2014). There are 437 retail stores in ifiteen countries which has 72,800 staffs work for them as of 2014 (Annual Report 2014). Apple also operates the online Apple Store and iTunes Store which has become the largest music retailer in the world. Apple is a big company which annual revenue in 2014 totaled US$182 billion (F inancial Post 2014). Apple has the high level of brand loyalty which also become the worlds most valuable brand. Apple devotes itself to use its innovative hardware, software and services which will provide the best user experience to the customers (Annual Report 2014). The strategy of Apple is design and apply its own operating systems, hardware, application software for their customers. Apple believes knowledgeable salespersons who provide the high-quality service and buying experience for the customers can attract and retain more customer for company (Annual Report 2014). So Apple are pay more attention on training the salespersons that can express the value of the products and put up the best service. According to this situation, the staffs who work for Apple will have the large occupational stress. Occupational stress which is the stress when the people are working. World Health Organizations give the definition of the occupational stress is the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope (World Health Organization 2015). Stress sometimes happen in a widely work environment which have little support from their manager and colleagues will make people feel occupational stress during their work time (World Health Organization 2015). Sometime the bad management and practice will bring the pressure or challenge for staffs (Lazarus Folkman, 1984). Occupational stress which is unavoidable at the workplace, it is a normal condition. Owing to the condition of the contemporary work environment which has large demands form staffs (Lazarus 1991). So the occupational stress is acceptable even which can help staffs to keep alert, motivated and remind them to learn more knowledge and technology to keep them to be excellent (Lazarus 1991). However, the occupational stress becomes excessive which will hurt staffs health and psychology even affec t the performance of the company. The problem of occupational stress has become the great concern focused by many people. People always need to through work to reflect their value in this society so the stress keep increasing for staffs (Szymanski, 1999). For example, the global economy is changing rapidly which would affect the company development. Thus the company need to increase their develop speed and efficiency and change their company cultures to be stronger to develop in the market. According to this condition which would give more occupational stress for staffs, they need to more things to adapt the change of the company and economic. For the development of Apple Inc, through the right ways to face occupational stress, will help staffs relieve stress which is very necessary. Therefore, this report will analyze in detail about the causes and impact of occupational stress from different aspects. Finally, this report will give some suggestions about how to relieve occupatio nal stress, which can help staffs work better and help Apple to have better development for their future. 2.0 Main body 2.1 Methodology To finish this report there are some point need to achieve: 1. Use the secondary research to collect the information of Apple Inc 2. List the data of the Apple Inc 3. Identify the cause and effect of occupational stress of the Apples staffs 4. List the results and findings 5. Give the following recommendations 2.2 Results and Findings Figure 1 Different areas Sales Data 2014 Change 2013 Change 2012 Net Sales by Operating Segment: Americas $ 65,232 4% $ 62,739 9% $ 57,512 Europe 40,929 8% 37,883 4% 36,323 Greater China 29,846 17% 25,417 13% 22,533 Japan 14,982 11% 13,462 27% 10,571 Rest of Asia Pacific 10,344 (7)% 11,181 4% 10,741 Retail 21,462 6% 20,228 7% 18,828 Total net sales $ 182,795 7% $ 170,910 9% $156,508 Figure 2: Sales by Product: 2014 Change 2013 Change 2012 Net Sales by Product: iPhone $ 101,991 12% $ 91,279 16% $78,692 iPad 30,283 (5)% 31,980 3% 30,945 Mac 24,079 12% 21,483 (7)% 23,221 iPod 2,286 (48)% 4,411 (21)% 5,615 iTunes, Soft ware and Services 18,063 13% 16,052 25% 12,890 Accessories 6,093 7% 5,706 11% 5,145 Total net sales $182,795 7% $170,910 9% $156,508 Figure 3: Unit Sales by Product 2014 Change 2013 Change 2012 Unit Sales by Product iPhone 169,219 13% 150,257 20% 125,046 iPad 67,977 (4)% 71,033 22% 58,310 Mac 18,906 16% 16,341 (10)% 18,158 iPod 14,377 (45)% 26,379 (25)% 35,165 In the figure 1 which shows the net sales increased 7% and 11.9 one billion from 2014 to 2013 (Annual Report 2014). This due to the sales of iPhone; Mac; iTunes, Software and Services; and Accessories was increased (Annual Report 2014). From the figure 1 and 2 display the reason of successful increased net sales and unit sales is introduction of iPhone 5s and 5c in 2013 and in 2014 the expanded distribution is owing to the launch of iPhone 6 and 6 Plus. Apples net sales and unit sales increased was mainly due to the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro which updated in 2014 for a faster processor and saled at lower prices to receive a strong demand (Annual Report 2014). Net sales of iTunes, software and services was mainly due to a net increase in revenue from growth through App Store, AppleCare and licensing. For the iPads net sales and unit sales in 2014 compared to 2013 which declined because of the lower unit sales. During 2014, growth in total net sales also continued to decline also b ecause of the negative effects of iPod sales. All Company segments increased net sales in 2014, the growth was strongest in Greater China and Japan operating segment showed from the figure 1 (Annual Report 2014). In the first quarter of 2014, the company launched the iPad the air, its fifth-generation iPad and iPad mini with Retina display. In June 2014 Worldwide Developers Conference, the company announced iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite (Annual Report 2014). In September 2014, the Company launched the iPhone 6 and 6 and release iOS 8, announced the Apple Pay, which began used in the United States in october 2014. Then the company also previewed Apple Watch is expected to be in early calendar 2015. The company launched the iPad AIR 2, iPad 3 Mini, iMac with Retina 5K Display and updated the Mac mini; and released OS X Yosemite in 2014 (Annual Report 2014). During 2014, the company completed the acquisition of the business, including the music beats, LLC, which offers a subscription streami ng music service, and beats Electronics, LLC, which makes the acquisition of Beats headphones, speakers, and audio software (Annual Report 2014). These are the condition of the Apple Inc which will affect the work condition of the staffs. 2.3 Discussion There are lots of causes of occupational stress in different areas such as in workplace, change in the workplace or home life but in this report it would just analyze the cause from workplace of Apple staffs. In workplace the workload is a big issues for staffs, quantitative workload, qualitative workload and under load all will affect staffs (Calnan,Wainwright, Forsythe, Almond, 2001). Apple staffs have the large workload which need to do lots of things such as introduce the all function and data of products which customers interested as well as recommend new products to customers. The staffs need to remember all things with any Appleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products and also need to remember the new products which are launch recen tly. In the workplace, the staffs status also will influence the levels of stress (Calnan,Wainwright, Forsythe, Almond, 2001). Although the work pressure has affected the potential of employees; those who have very little impact on the company will make major decisions. However, less powerful staffs are more likely to suffer from stress than powerful staffs. Managers and other staffs all easily to work overload. Under the overload work the staffs in Apple all will feel occupational stress. In fact, the managers of Apple they will have more stress because they need to a lot of importation decision of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s operation. They need to consider lots of different condition of their decision. Anyone decision they carried out which are related to the large number of staffs, all spent their lots of time and energy. In 21st century, economic factors is normal issue that staffs need to face it and it also increase the stress levels for the staffs (Calnan,Wainwright, Fors ythe, Almond, 2001). Now there are computer and communications times which have affect all companies need to be more efficient and productive (Calnan,Wainwright, Forsythe, Almond, 2001). However this phenomenon make the greater competition in the market and which would put more stress on staffs. For the Apple staffs the compete globally between each company is the most serious problem which make them feel very stress. Each year, Apple need launch different types new product to their customers to ensure the sales volume and retain and attract more customers. But different types of products launch will affect each sale of products such as sale of iPhone increased but the sales of iPod decline sharply. So the staff need to improve the sale of each product which is a tough thing for them. When Apples staffs feel occupational stress, they will can not work seriously, sometimes will create unnecessary mistakes when they are working which also would bring some losses for the company. Oc cupational stress makes staffs inefficiency, it will affect the companys performance. So pay attention to occupational stress on the staffs for Apple is very necessary. 3.0 Conclusions and recommendations Apple Inc is a mature company, which has advanced technology, good products, and achieve a very good reputation and sales, but if Apple wants to maintain its current success and achieve better development, it must focus on staffs occupational stress. Staffs are very important for Apple Inc, if no staffs do the research of the product and develop new products, develop the strategies for company, implementation sales that would not be the success for Apple. So Apple Inc need to focus on the companys development and also requires to pay attention on the situation of staffs to ease their occupational stress which would will bring better development to Apple. Apple Inc need to ensure the workload is same with the staffs abilities which can make sure the workload staffs can rece ived. The manager also can give the monitor workload and give the staffs some chance to train themselves and improve their skills. In each stage of staffs can give them some rewards to encourage staffs to work better. The managers of Apple also need to make more communications with staffs to realize the condition of the staffs work. Telecommuting is another way for the company to help them reduce occupational stress (Gajendran Harrison 2008). Employees defined telecommuting as an alternative work arrangement in which employees perform tasks elsewhere that are normally done in a primary or central workplace, for at least some portion of their work schedule, using electronic media to interact with others inside and outside the organization (Gajendran Harrison 2008). Telecommuting get a high rating of support that it allows staffs have more ability to control over how to arrange their work. Staffs working at home will have less stress which also can get balance between work and li fe and give the higher performance to their managers. The staffs also need to learn how to release the stress. The staffs need to have more communication with their manager and tell them the issues, feedback and stress then the staffs would receive some suggestion to help release the stress. The staffs also need to take care of the health through the enough sleep exercise and healthy diet which would help staffs to cope the demands at work better. Ensure take a rest every day or outgoing to relax themselves. Staffs also can take everything in plan that will help them manage their time. Finally, staffs need to deal with the stress positive without worry too much. According to these ways will help Apple Inc to solve most of staffs occupational stress but the stress can not solve thorough so keep pay more attention on occupational stress will help Apple development better. 4.0 Reference: Apple Inc. (2014) ANNUAL REPORT Available at: https://investor.apple.com/financials.cfm (Accessed: 30 March 2015) Financial Post (2014) Apple Inc market cap tops US$700B, double what it was when Tim Cook took over as CEO Available at: https://business.financialpost.com/fp-tech-desk/apple-inc-tops-us700-billion-market-share-on-strong-iphone-and-ipad-demand?__lsa=81c3-5ac6 (Accessed: 30 March 2015) Gajendran,Ravi and Harrison,David. (2008)Telecommuting Win-Win For Employees And Employers.Journal of Applied Psychology92.6 (Accessed: 4 April 2015) Lazarus, R. S., Folkman, S. (1984). Stress Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer. (Accessed: 2 April 2015) Lazarus, R.S. (1991). Psychological stress in the workplace. In P.L. Perrewe (Ed.), Handbook on Job Stress (pp. 1-13). Corte Madera, CA: Select Press. (Accessed: 2 April 2015) Szymanski, E.M. (1999). Disability, job stress, the changing nature of careers, and the career resilience portfolio. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 42, 279-284. (Accessed: 2 April 2015) Szymanski, E.M. (1999). Disa bility, job stress, the changing nature of careers, and the career resilience portfolio. Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, 42, 279-284.(Accessed: 4 April 2015) World Health Organization (2015) Stress at the workplace Available at: https://www.who.int/occupational_health/topics/stressatwp/en/ (Accessed: 30 March 2015)

Adult Sexual Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 836 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Development Essay Did you like this example? Biological Foundations of Adult Sexual Development Christina Parker PSY/340 Biological Psychology Instructor: Rebecca Wilson June 12, 2010 Biological Foundations of Adult Sexual Development How humans develop prenatally Humans start out as a cell that is formed from the mother’s egg and the father’s sperm. The egg and sperm carry 23 single chromosomes each and when fertilization takes place the 23 chromosomes then become paired. â€Å"All genetically normal humans, regardless of their sex, share 22 pairs of chromosomes and only one pair is different† (Wickens, 2005, p. 204). The different pair is the sex chromosomes (X and Y). A female is (X, X) and a male is (X, Y). As the cell develops into a fetus there are several hormones involved. These hormones continue to work throughout the human body as we grow from an infant into an adult. The hormones effect our sexual development and sexuality. Affects of hormones on a fetus As the fetus grows it will phys ically appear gender neutral, but at about 6 week gestation the Y chromosome, if present, will release a chemical called testis-determining factor which causes the internal male sex organs to start forming. If the Y chromosome is not present then this chemical is not released and the internal female sex organs will start to form. The male hormones that cause the external organs to develop are called androgens, without these we would all have female external sex organs (Spencer A. Rathus, 2005). Some of the different androgens are: testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). If any of these hormones are missing or do not release the amount they are suppose to at the time they are suppose to the fetus will have genetic sexual disorders such as: Klinefelter syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, pseudo-hermaphrodite, and testicular feminisation syndrome (Wickens, 2005). The lack of these hormones not only affects the physical appearance o f the fetus, but also the sexual behavior as the child grows into an adult. Affects of hormones on a growing child As a child grows and hit puberty hormones come into play again. At puberty the testes and ovaries come under the control of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (Wickens, 2005). â€Å"To be more precise, the release of sex hormones begins with the hypothalamus, which secretes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which diffuses through the hypophyseal portal blood vessels to the anterior part of the pituitary† (Wickens, 2005, p. 209). Next GnRH cause the anterior pituitary to release luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) which are then transported to the gonads. Some other hormones that come onto play are testosterone and estrogen. There are genetic conditions that cause issues during puberty as well as into adulthood. Any of the conditions that were mentioned earlier will have issues during puberty ranging from a lack of mens truation for females and a development of breast in males. Behavior can also be affected by these conditions. Behavior and the adult sexual development As the adolescent moves into adulthood these conditions can also have affects on the behavior. An excess of testosterone can cause increased aggravation. An excess of estrogen can cause an increase in feminization. Not all men behave the way society believes that they should and not all women behave the way society believes that they should. The hormone imbalances during the prenatal stage and puberty as well as some environmental effect can be determined to lead to intersexuality, bisexuality, heterosexuality, and homosexuality. Biological changes in sexual development â€Å"The prediction that sex differences must exist in the human brain comes from at least three different types of observations: men and women (or boys and girls) differ predictably in (1) behavioral traits (e. . , aggression, juvenile play); (2) average cogniti ve abilities; and (3) the incidence of neurological and psychiatric disorders† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). â€Å"Regardless of whether these differences are due to genes, hormones, socialization, or the confluence of all three, sex differences in behavior, neuropathology, and cognitive performance must be reflected by sex differences present someplace in the nervous system† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). In the human preoptic area of the hypothalamus there are four nuclei known as the interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH 1–4) (Wickens, 2005). There are differences in two of these four nuclei that are associated with sexual differences. INAH 1 and 4 are the same in both males and females. The other two are larger in males, but some homosexual males have had smaller INAH 2 and 3. While it is still controversial the differences in the human brain can either be said to cause homosexuality and other sexual identities o r a result of them. While there are many differences in the human brain such as overall size, â€Å"many sex differences are likely to exist in more subtle features of the brain, such as neural connectivity or neurochemistry† (In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, 2002). References: In Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. (2002). Retrieved June 10, 2010, from https://www. credoreference. com/entry/esthumanbrain Spencer A. Rathus, J. S. -R. (2005). Human Sexuality in a World of Diversity, sixth edition. Allyn and Bacon, Pearson Education, Inc. Wickens, A. (2005). Foundations of Biopsychology, Second Edition. Prentice-Hall. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Adult Sexual Development" essay for you Create order

The Field Of Agricultural Biotechnology - 1071 Words

Agricultural Biotechnology Due to the greater understanding of DNA, the field of Agricultural Biotechnology has developed rapidly over the last 30 years. Agricultural Biotechnology is a set of tools to modify products, improve plants and animals, and make microorganism for agricultural uses. It’s being used to produce products cheaper and easy to maintain. More and more farmers and producers used genetic engineered crops because of the price and resistances to insects and diseases. The main aim is to meet human and environmental needs. Biotechnology is a set of tools that uses living organisms to produce or modify a product, improve plants or animals, or develop microorganisms for specific uses. The latest set of tool- some say greatest-is genetic engineering. It allows the transfer of useful characteristics into a plant, animal, or microorganism by inserting genes from another organism. Genetic engineering which uses molecular markers to select plants or animals that give a d esirable gene, allows segments of DNA that code genes for a specific trait to be recombined into a new. Desirable traits producers choose is short growing seasons, increased resistance to diseases and pests, larger seeds and fruits, nutrition, and better adaption to environmental conditions. An example is the International Institute of Tropical Agricultural has used molecular markers to obtain cowpea resistance to bruchid (a beetle). That’s one type of genetic modification. Traditional plantShow MoreRelatedDevelopment And Growth Of The Global Agricultural Biotechnology Industry1171 Words   |  5 Pagesproportion of ongoing research development in this field of as is done in the areas of Africa and Asia Pacific This is projected to offer more business opportunities and growth prospects for the industry participants in the global agricultural biotechnology market. 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Since the late twentieth century, agricultural technologiesRead MoreThe Application of Biotechnological Tools1775 Words   |  7 Pagesbiotechnological foundations. Apart from them the medical world is blessed with the vaccines and the precautionary medicines that are serving to help the humanity in a positive constructive manner. One cannot assert that the science and rationale of biotechnology is not simple to manipulate and prepare. The nature has its own way to reveal the components and their impact on human life so nurturing these tools is another rather complicated task of replicating the nature and combining the existing phenomenonRead MoreMy Fascination with Biotechnology Application Essay946 Words   |  4 Pagesin me to probe deeper about them. My interest in biotechnology area was first aroused during my first degree. In my agricultural biotechnology class, when my lecturer exposed me with genetic engineering, proteins, and plant tissue culture, I am likely was mesmerize d by them and at the same time, I began to realize my enthusiasm towards biotechnology application. Since then, I started to read few books about biotechnology application in many fields. Among of them was â€Å"The Forever Fix: Gene TherapyRead MoreBiotechology: Use of Commerical and Agricultural Land1430 Words   |  6 PagesBiotechnology is blazing a new trail for the use of commercial and agricultural land. Genetically modified crops are being harvested and placed into our food chain. Currently, there are many benefits of genetically modified food, but the current risks of this newfound technology are undefined. The on-going debate of biotechnology shows conflict between, Agri-biotech investors and their affiliated scientists who consider agricultural biotechnology as a solution to food shortage, and independent scientistsRead MoreThe Milieu Of High School Education Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesRegardless of what type of school a student and parent chooses, the theme is the same in the educational inclusion: rigor, relevance, dual advancement classes, soft skills and college readiness and job readiness skills. Chicago High School for Agricultural Science (CHSAS) is one of the most unique opportunities offered to the students of the public educational school system of the Chicago or in the United States for that matter. CHSAS is located in Cook County, Illinois, in the Oak Lawn School DistrictRead MoreResearch And Development Of Biotechnology965 Words   |  4 Pages According to Susan E. Reid, biotechnology is â€Å"a set of generic technologies that involve manipulation or change of genetic patrimony of living organisms for industrial application† (Reid and Ramani). The origin of biotechnology can be traced back to the 1970’s in the United States. When it comes to advancement of biotechnology in developing countries, India is one of the leaders in research since India is highly receptive to new technologies. Neighboring countries in the region, like Bangladesh

Caught in the Night free essay sample

First, Tihanyi describes the â€Å"dabbler†. These people can be seen as occasional users. They spend significantly less time online than other users, just â€Å"a few hours a week† (111). Dabblers use the Internet for a specific purpose. Once that purpose has been achieved, they move onto something else. They also prefer other activities, such as meeting people for lunch or watching television to being online. Next Tihanyi discusses the characteristics of the regulars. She describes how â€Å"regulars visit the Net not just to gain information but to interact with others† (112). They use the Internet for news, shopping, research, and communication. They may find themselves in chat-rooms discussing topics with others who have the same interests. As regulars have several uses for the Internet they tend to spend more time online: â€Å"8—10 hours a week† (111), according to Tihanyi. Finally, Eva Tihanyi uses a metaphor to compare the dabblers and regulars to the addicts: â€Å"They don’t surf the Net, they drown in it† (112). We will write a custom essay sample on Caught in the Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Internet overwhelms those addicted to it. Tihnayi states that addicts spend â€Å"an average of 38 hours per week† online (112). She describes how they create virtual personalities and live virtual lives, eventually creating disorder in their professional and personal lives and causing unemployment and the breakdown of marriages. Tihanyi states that Internet addiction is â€Å"the first official mental health disorder associated with computers† (113). In conclusion, Tihanyi explains that we can’t be completely satisfied by virtual reality; people will always prefer â€Å"an actual pizza over a virtual one† (113). The Internet clearly has its limits when it comes to pizza and, as well, some people still prefer a social gathering over messaging in a chat-room. Although nearly everyone uses the internet and will continue to do so in the future, Eva Tihanyi shows we all use it to a different extent. According to Tihanyi, it’s how we use it and how often that tells us what type of user we are.

Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry free essay sample

Waldo Ralph Emerson said Though we travel the world over to find the beautiful, we must carry it with us or we find it not. In Bashos Narrow Road through the Backcountry, exactly this sentiment is realized in the literary capture of North Japans natural beauties on his journey for poetic enlightenment and motivation. This work is the story of the journey that Basho began near the end of his life in order to attain inspiration for writing poetry, specifically in haiku-type forms. Bashos chosen path mirrored that of Saigyo, a well respected monk and poet, which ran through the locations of residence and inspiration of various other notable Japanese poets and writers. The travel tale has long been held in high public regard and is widely known as one of the most iconic pieces of Japanese literature. Basho had a fascination with nature and a rare bond with his surroundings, but by pursuing the trail first blazed by Japanese poets of old, Saigyo in particular, Basho hoped to perfect his art and find inspiration by connecting to the locations of those poets inspiration from long before, and had a much greater impact than one could have predicted. We will write a custom essay sample on Significance of travel in Bashos Narrow Road Through the Backcountry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the early encounters with a place formerly associated with a past figure that Basho describes poetically is the arrival to the Sunlit Mountain, Nikko. Basho explains that the mountain was named Nikko by Master Kukai, a monk who started a temple on this mountain. Basho also explains the significance of the mountains name and tells of how he feels Kukai has in a way predicted and blessed their trip. Observing the mountain exemplifies what Basho is trying to accomplish on this journey as he quickly scribbles down a self-admittedly simple and quick verse. Though simple, this is exactly what Basho is looking for: an opportunity to observe what inspired the poets of old, which gives him the motivation to write. The works of Kukai had given him the basis for which to write upon. The haiku reads yes, how brilliant! /green leaves, young leaves/luminous within and without Kukai having named the mountain as the Sunlit Mountain, Basho would have never had the inspiration to write about the luminosity of the scene. Though no direct credit to Kukai or the mountain is mentioned in the poem, there is a direct link to both. At Unganji, Basho is inspired to write about the hut of his former Zen meditation teacher, Butcho. A slightly melancholy haiku is written about the vacant, decrepit hut. This is a deep and emotional example of the inspiration that Basho sought. Evident in his haiku is the sadness from the lost connection to his Zen master alongside the majesty of the place which he is writing about, which combine for a beautiful piece of poetry. By no other force than by physically being at the site of the hut could a poem like that have been composed. Travel not only allows Basho to connect with the site which he is describing, but alsoin a more ethereal waywith his mentors and those who preceded him. Most renown of these predecessor poets is Saigyo, whom Basho modeled his path after. Along the way, various of Saigyos poetic inspirations and sites are mentioned and seen by Basho. Basho is particularly excited by one of these moving sites; the willow tree. In the eyes of Basho, Saigyo has been immortalized in this tree and thus, standing in the shadow of the willows leaves and branches is like standing in the shadow of one of the great muses. This is a particularly rewarding experience for him, as Saigyo is his guide and truest predecessor. This is reflected in the excitement of his writing about the experience of standing in his shadow. Various other times throughout Bashos text, Saigyos writings are referenced to help describe scenes about which Saigyo did not specifically write, which speaks to Bashos keeping of Saigyos writings and path in his mind throughout his journey. A connection which is undeniably deeper than that with any other poet is made with Saigyo because of this. Various other poets and their inspirations are mentioned throughout The Narrow Road Through the Backcountry: the Shirakawa checkpoint written about by Kanemori and Noin, and depicted in paintings by Kiyosuke and others, the twin pines in Takekuma, written about by Noin, the sites of old poetic inspiration which Kaemon tours Basho and Sora through, and a plethora of others. All of these sites possess their own feeling and give Basho unique motivations. Some of the places provide morose poetic inspiration, for which Basho is commonly known, while others cause the poet to drift away from his common tone and write in a much more upbeat manner; a testament to the true power of the natural beauty of Japan and impact of historical poets on Basho. This variety calls to the different inspirations which Basho was seeking. Instead of maintaining a stagnant style, as many of the less-travelled poets would have, Bashos journey allows him to not only write about sights that he would have never otherwise experienced, but it also allows him to connect with other writing styles that he ordinarily may not have explored, causing a stark development of his own writing style. A common thread in all of Bashos inspirational writers, as pointed out by Haruo Shirane in the essay Double Voices and Bashos Haikai in Kerkhams Matsuo Bashos Poetic Spaces: Exploring Haikai Intersections, is that all of these writers are considered to be reclusive poets. Though the Genji (the famous lovers), Ariwara no Narihira and Ono no Komachi were all well recognized and loved for their classical images in Japan, Basho aligned more with these less-renown, reclusive poets (Kerkham 111). This points to his history in Zen meditation and his monk-like lifestyle. Bashos journey connects several of the residences of the recluse poets that he idealized before and allows him to unite the poetic forms and pasts of these poets into his own. By giving credit to these poetic predecessors in his works, Basho also changed the way that the ancients were perceived in Japan; causing the known poetic standards to shift from the classic writers of old to the reclusive writers Basho modeled (111). This shows the impact of not only the poets on Basho, but his effect on their legacies and the subsequent shift in future Japanese literature as a result. One of the major differences between Basho and the poets he follows is that Basho does not have the religious concerns of actually being a Buddhist monk, which allows him to write more freely. The religious poets had to be concerned with the Buddhist principles of renouncing the phenomenal world in which we live, while that often times met with the conflict of their love for the splendor of nature; this is particularly true of Saigyo (67-68). In a way, then, Basho was able to take up the task that the priest poets likely would have enjoyed taking on, in being able to truly describe the full impact of nature. By the culmination of the text, Basho provides haikus with a much different and generally upbeat tone, which speaks to his spiritual and intellectual enlightenment and overall shift in writing attitude and style. This enlightenment has been primarily generated by the writings of past poets and their inspirations, as evidenced by his poetry, which nearly always honors the writings and poets who wrote there before him, at some level. Bashos questing for inspiration had much larger implications than just his self-development into a recognized poet, as it caused a dramatic change in the perception of classic Japanese literature and had a monumental impact on the future of Japanese texts. A path once blazed in the spirit of exploration and inspiration is again used by Basho in the same means, but to a drastically different ends, largely due to the ability of the ancients to inspire and help him develop his art into a form that led to wide acceptance and yielded recognition for those ancients.

Commodity Fetishism

Commodity Fetishism Free Online Research Papers In 1867 Karl Marx published perhaps one of his most important works on political economy and capitalism titled â€Å"Capital†. In this work Marx chooses to introduce the fetishism of commodities in the first chapter. Based on this placement it is easy to see that he considered it an important part of his theoretical framework. By adding â€Å"and the Secret Thereof† to â€Å"The Fetishism of Commodities† Marx (in Appelrouth and Edles 2008:62) hints at the mystical nature of commodities and the unseen power they have over us. In reviewing Marx’s writing three key concepts emerge, each connected to the others. These three key concepts are the theory of value, the theory of commodity fetishism, and the concept of alienation. The first part of this essay will examine the theory of commodity fetishism. Marx defines a commodity as â€Å"†¦an object outside us, a thing that by its properties satisfies human wants of some sort or another,† (Marx in Appelrouth and Edles 2008:59). He goes on to broaden the definition by excluding considerations of the nature of such wants by stating, â€Å"The nature of such wants†¦ makes no difference,† and further â€Å"Neither are we here concerned to know how the object satisfies these wants,† (Ibid.). Marx later qualifies this statement by stating that â€Å"A thing can be useful, and the product of human labour, without being a commodity,† (Ibid.:61). Rather than being contradictory Marx means by this passage to indicate that an object must be useful to others rather than simply to yourself. The usefulness of an object creates a â€Å"use-value† but depends on the unique situation of each individual and is therefore incapable of being compared directly. Being of use to others is one way to create a type of value known as â€Å"exchange-value†. Use-value and exchange-value are the two factors of a commodity that Marx assigns. In assigning use-value and exchange value and examining the interplay between the two Marx develops his theory of commodity fetishism. To understand the term â€Å"commodity fetishism† you must look past the current usage of the term â€Å"fetish†. Fetish now commonly refers to an obsession or disproportionate pleasure, often in a sexual context. While that definition may apply somewhat to Marx’s theory it is more instructive to consider it in historical context. In Marx’s time â€Å"fetish† usually referred to religion. It is clear to me that Marx specifically intended the term â€Å"fetishism† as a critique of capitalist beliefs. This is exemplified by the passage: â€Å"There is a physical relation between physical things. But it is different with commodities. †¦ In order, therefore, to find an analogy, we must have recourse to the mist-enveloped regions of the religious world,† (Ibid.:63) Through this passage we may beg in to grasp the nut of Marx’s commodity fetishism concept. The main thrust of the commodity fetishism concept is that the exchange-value (what makes something a commodity) doesn’t relate in proportion to the use-value. The use-value is inherent in the object, while the exchange-value is entirely a product of society and most particularly of capitalist society. The difference between natural and inherent properties vs. societal properties and the role, or lack thereof, of nature in exchange-value is shown succiently when Marx points out that â€Å"Since exchange value is a definite social manner of expressing the amount of labour bestowed upon an object, Nature has no more to do with it, than it has in fixing the course of exchange,† (Ibid.:65). It is the nature of and disconnect between the different types of value assigned to objects that create commodity fetishism. Marx points to the source of this being capitalism and the related social constructs that underlie the obfuscation of (wo)man’s direct relation to fellow (wo)man. Marx most clearly points this out near the end of his section on commodity fetishism when he writes, â€Å"What confirms them in this view, is the peculiar circumstance that the use value of objects is realized without exchange, by means of a direct relation between the objects and man, while, on the other hand, their value is realized only by exchange, that is, by means of a social process,† (Ibid.:65-66). In examining the prevalence of the fetishism of commodities in capitalistic societies it is easy to see that commodity fetishism is an inescapable product of the production of commodities, which is the main goal of capitalistic societies. Current trends in the post-industrial era serve to create increasing commodity fetishism as people become more and more disconnected from the relationship of their labor to the labor of others. Consolidation of mass media and the increasing number of ways that advertising is thrust into our lives further enhance the illusion of exchange-value being innate in a product. It becomes increasingly hard to see how the (use) value of products could be the same as a more heavily marketed product with a higher exchange value. Examples of commodity fetishism abound in everyday life. I consider myself to be a very utilitarian and frugal person, therefore drawn strongly towards a use-value oriented manner of consumption, yet I can still find examples in my life of commodity fetishism. One example would be watching new movies. New movies obviously have no greater use-value to me than older movies that I haven’t yet seen, but the hype, advertising, and inflated exchange-value often cause me to choose to see a new release even though they are mostly lower quality than those that have stood the test of time. Another example, also in the field of entertainment, would be computer games. New games at the height of their exchange-value, often with expensive hardware requirements, are no better than slightly older games at a fraction of the cost. While introspection can sometimes be tough, it’s easy to see wanton consumer fetishism in others. Some people I know would never even consider buying a generic cereal, even after being shown that it’s the same cereal produced in the same mill. Another example is the consumption of beer in America. The vast majority of beer produced and consumed in America is heavily advertised, but of poor quality. Yet people see nothing inherently queer about pounding down large quantities of tasteless, watered-down swill. Earlier I mentioned alienation as another key point in Marxist theory. One effect of consumer fetishism is to increasingly cause relations amongst people to take the form of relationships between objects. Thus a person’s relationship to the product of their labor is transformed to the relationship of the product of their labor to other commodities, thereby isolating them from their creative value as a human being. This is a component of alienation, which is the topic of the next section. Bibliography Appelrouth, Scott and Laura Desfor Edles. 2008. Classical and Contemporary Sociological Theory. Los Angeles, CA: Pine Forge Press Marshall, Gordon. 1998. A Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press Research Papers on Commodity FetishismDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneThree Concepts of PsychodynamicCapital PunishmentMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion - Assignment Example The benefits of maximizing health and safety for the workforce as well as the organization include improved productivity of workers, improved psychological and emotional well-being of workers, and their increased motivation. The beneficial effects of maximizing the health and safety of the workforce become evident in terms of achievement of organizational goals, expansion and growth of business, and increased profitability for all. Organizations can promote the health, fitness, and psychological adaptation of their employees in a variety of ways. For example, the organization should disallow smoking in the office. This would not only keep other employees safe, but would also discourage the smokers from smoking which might drive them out of this habit. The organizations should provide the workforce with only healthy meals as snacks and for lunch. Workers would only drink soft-drinks if they would be available at the cafeteria. Organizations can substantially control their workers’ eating and drinking habits by carefully deciding the menu. The psychological adaptation of workers can be increased with thoughtful design of jobs, leadership approaches, organizational culture, and organizational policies. Generally, organizations should try to develop and foster a culture wherein employees think of the organization as their second home, and where they live and work together like a family, where seniors should be respected and juniors should be loved, and where leaders work in close collaboration with the followers rather than maintaining distance from them. Major sources of stress for me at work include but are not limited to overburden of work, lack of sufficient resources, unrealistic expectations of the boss, lack of a cooperative team, and racism and bullying. I have observed that many people feel stressed on jobs because of these or

E-Marketing Review for Easy Jet Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

E-Marketing Review for Easy Jet - Case Study Example Up to date, the family remains a major shareholder in the airline which is now referred as easyJet PLC. The founder also owns a group of other companies which own the brand name easy although there is not cross-shareholding between the easyJet and other easyGroup which is the licensee company. Although the group operates separately, there are some cross marketing agreement that are shared between the airline and the other groups. The airline operates from Hangar 89 at Luton Airport. But contrary to other airline which have their headquarter reflecting their status in the market easy Jet has a simple headquarter which is a bright orange building which represent it low-cost ethos. Since April 1998, the company became some of the airlines which embrace the use of internet in selling it seats. Currently it is estimated that 95% of all the seats in the company are sold over the internet which has made one of the leading internet retailer in the European market. Marketing can be defined as a management process that is responsible for identify and satisfying what the customer requires which is done for a profit. There have been many ways in which marketing has been carried out but the news strategies have been through the use of e-tools like the internet. It has been used to do research on to know what exactly does customer needs. It has as also been able to anticipate the demands for digital service and therefore have a good resource allocation. E-tools have helped to satisfy customer demands as they find a range of products at on location. The use of information and communication technology to achieve the above objective of market is referred to as e-marketing or digital marketing. Background EasyJet was has been one of the most successful airline in the world. The company was founded by Stelio Haje-Ionnou who was a son of a Greek shipping tycoon. This company was set up in 1994. it as set up as a low cost airline which was looking to undercut other traditional carriers like British Airways in order to have a lean operation. In order to come up with such an operation, the founder had decided on single sales channel to survive in the market and therefore he settled on the phone as the most appropriate. This was considered a ground breaking but the founder insisted on having direct selling methods to the consumers. Although he had refuted the user of the internet at that time he kept a close eye when the trials for the sites were going on. What ensued was as stead rise in calls that were being made per week and quickly the company grew oft of space to handle the customers. Therefore the owner decided it was either the company decides to sell over the internet or build a new call centre. This turned to be a success story of e-marketing of the company. (Miles 2006, P. 2) Company Overview It has been recorded that easyJet is one of the most refuted British tour operators which has been successful in cutting a niche on the market. It has been able to cut competitive price edge which has been attributed to strict management of the cost by bypassing intermediary agencies that increased the cost of management. The company has also been able to successfully use non-saturated airports which have been on of its cost cutting measure that it has taken. The company has successfully offered freights to Great Britain,

Choicepoint and Sony, an Ethical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Choicepoint and Sony, an Ethical Analysis Essay Ethics refers to what comes off as right or wrong to an individual’s conscience .The internet age has brought about new ethical issues, not only for an individual but for the society as well as it has eased anonymous manipulation and distribution of information, creating new and easier paths for committing crimes like piracy, identity theft, infringement of an individual’s privacy etc. In this paper we will be analyzing the Choice-point case and the ‘Sony data breach ‘case from an ethical point of view. (Laudon Laudon, 2010, p.128) Background: The ChoicePoint Data breach: On September 27 of 2004, ChoicePoint,a company that aggregates and stores personal information, suspected that some of its small business customers were involved in suspicious activities and informed the police. (Paine, Phillips, 2008)On February of 2005, ChoicePoint only notified those residents of California whose data had been leaked to the illegal customers, since a certain law in California requires it. A protest from the public, however, forced the company to notify the details of the breach to the other involved parties residing in the other states. The swindlers who scammed ChoicePoint had created over 50 accounts with previously stolen identities over the course of a year or even longer. (Pantesco, 2006) Look more:  the issues concerning identity theft essay Changes in business practices (Otto, Anton Baumer, 2007): ChoicePoint made numerous changes after the 2004-2005 data breach. The company closed the 50 fake accounts and made a policy to refuse any faxed business licenses in the future .The Company formed a new policy, that all nongovernmental organizations need to be re-credentialed in order to do business with it, and increased its procedures in verifying the identity of the company. More stringent and better business policies in ensuring the safety of their customer’s data, for e.g. partial masking of social security numbers were employed. The company continued its investigations of its databases for further indications of foul play and brought in outsiders to assess and rectify their practices. The Sony Data Breach: The Sony data breach was a result of an intrusion from an outsider party, causing an outage in the PlayStation Network and Qriocity’s services between 17th April 2011 and 19th April, 2011.A confirmation from Sony revealed that pieces of personal information had been stolen from each and every 77 million accounts. This breach resulted in Sony shutting off the PlayStation Network for 23 days. (Hirai, 2011) Sony stated that the chairman of the company had submitted explanations wanted by United States House subcommittee regarding the attack and that they were taking some measures to prevent further breaches. When questioned about the delay in making the breach public, Sony explained that they’d sought help from outside officials to conduct an investigation in order to comprehend the nature and magnitude of the incident; and hence forensic analysis and investigation had caused the delay since they wanted to have all the necessary details before making the breach public. On May 14, 2011, Sony released a security patch called PlayStation 3 firmware version 3.61 requiring users to change their password upon signing into their account in the PlayStation Network. (Seybold, 2011) Compensation: In compensation for this outage, Sony announced hosting of special events for their users. Sony wanted to appreciate the loyalty of the customers who stuck to using Play Station network and didn’t look for other alternatives. Hence Sony announced an extension of free 30 days of its various services for its existing users. Also, few of their games in the PlayStation network were made free, though these games are available only in some regions or countries. In addition to that Sony also offered one year’s worth of â€Å"free identity theft protection’ to all of its customers. (Wesley, 2011) Ethical Analysis According to Culnan and Williams (2009, p.679),the two aspects of morality that are principal to the relationship between information aggregators and information providers are vulnerability and avoiding harm. Aspect of Vulnerability Analysis: Since the customer gives away his data in exchange for something in return, he loses control on how that information would be used in the future.(Culnan Williams, 2009, p. 681) The firm that is aggregating the data has the duty to exercise caution in protecting the consumer’s vulnerability, not only for the sake of the customer but also to build its own reputation. However, in the cases of both ChoicePoint and Sony breach, the consumers were vulnerable. Individuals whose data ChoicePoint and Sony stored lacked knowledge about the risks posed by Choice Point’s credentialing procedures or the way personal information was stored by Sony. Aspect of â€Å"Do No Harm† Analysis: Most ethicists are of the opinion that data aggregators have the minimum duty of doing no harm whenever there is an issue concerning information privacy rights (DeGeorge 2006; Goodpaster 1987; Marcoux 2003; Valesquez 2003 as cited in Culnan Williams, 2009), even more so when their treatment of the consumer’s sensitive personal information makes the consumers unnecessarily vulnerable. (Culnan Williams, 2009, p. 682) In both the cases of ChoicePoint and Sony Data breach however, the ‘DO NO Harm’ principle was violated and moral responsibility was clearly absent in the behavior of the officials of these firms. (Culnan Williams, 2009, p. 682)ChoicePoint’s questionable intentions in delaying the notification of the breach to the public and the fact that ChoicePoint only bothered to search records that were leaked within 15 months to the date of the search ,until pressurized, were criticized heavily.( Evers, 2005)Further investigations revealed that ChoicePoint had been subjected to a similar scam in 2002.( Paine, Phillips, 2008) The fact that ChoicePoint could be duped so easily within two years proved that ChoicePoint hadn’t done anything to improve its practices since the last breach. Similarly, Sony also had a delay in notifying the users of PlayStation network about the breach. The public disputed Sony’s reason for its delay by speculating that, if Sony judged the situation to be so grave that it felt the need to shut down its PlayStation network, then they should have warned the public without any delay as well. Moreover, Sony failed to give any concrete reports regarding the breach and merely stated that they cannot rule out the possibility of a ‘username or password ‘leak. One more thing to be noted is that the fiends could have possibly gotten information like email addresses and first names of the customers who had consented to receiving information about new deals or products from Sony or its partners.Now, there is a pretty good chance that the fiends might send emails in the format of a Sony webpage template and extract valuable information from those customers. Hence this breach indirectly paved the way for more unintentional breaches in the future. (Eddy, 2011) According to, (Laudon Laudon, 2010,p.135),the basic Concepts of ethics are as follows: Responsibility: where the individual or the organization should accept the duties, costs and obligations for the decisions that it made. Accountability: where the organization should be aware of what decision is taken by whom. If it is impossible to find out who was responsible for what action then that organization is basically incapable of ethical analysis. Liability: this basically extends the concept of responsibility to legal actions where the affected individuals should be able to get compensation for their damages. Analysis : In my opinion, both ChoicePoint and Sony showed half-hearted ethics on these incidents as a whole. While Choicepoint did inform officials about the breach as soon as it found out, yet it only felt necessary to inform the public because of the California law. The people in the other states were notified because of public outcry. Also limiting the search results for leaked records to only 15 months prior to the date of the search just because it was necessary by the law was another mistake on ChoicePoint’s part. Thus ChoicePoint violated the ethical concepts of responsibility and accountability yet they seemed to have understood their mistake when they were making changes in their policies and practices after the 2004-2005 breach, and were willing to take corrective actions. But it is debatable whether ChoicePoint’s corrective measures were taken to save its own business or whether it genuinely cared for the affected individuals. Similarly, though Sony did do necessary investigations, it failed to concretely identify which parties had been affected or what kind of information have been stolen. Similar to ChoicePoint, there was a delay in notifying the public regarding the breach. Hence, there is a dearth of responsibility and accountability from Sony’s side as well .The compensations given can similarly be argued to be a ploy for keeping itself in the market. While, ChoicePoint and Sony offered free credit monitoring and free identity theft protection respectively for one year, they disregarded the possibility that the thieves might lie low and take advantage of the stolen information after the passage of a year. Hence these companies showed half-heartedness in being ethically liable as well.

Physics of Soccer :: physics sport sports soccer football

What makes the ball curve: Soccer players can make the ball curve by applying a Force, kicking, to the ball that is not in the center of the ball itself. When the ball is struck on the side by a player the ball spins while it is moving forward. In the case of the picture below, the soccer ball was struck on the right side of the ball and is spinning counter-clockwise. What causes the ball to actually curve in the air is a difference in the pressures on either side of the soccer ball. On the left side of this soccer ball, the air is moving faster, than the right side, relative to the center of the ball. This causes a lower pressure to develop on the left side of the ball, while on the right side there is a higher pressure because the air flow is moving slower relative to the center of the ball. This difference in air pressure causes the ball to curve to the left during its flight path. This curve is known as the Magnus Effect after the physicist Gustav Magnus. The shape of the soccer ball is†¦round! But in mathematical terms, the soccer ball is usually in the shape of an Archimedean Solid. This solid has 32 faces, 12 are pentagons and 20 are hexagons. On the Apollo 17 mission astronauts played soccer with a 200 pound moon rock. Just imagine playing any sport with something that heavy†¦ouch! There are many different soccer balls in use today. Each company claims that theirs is the best one out there but in all reality soccer players only like to play with soccer balls that they are used to. In fact, the ball used for the World Cup in 2002 was supposed to be the best one ever made by Adidas but many of the players in the World Cup hated it because it was new and they weren’t used to it. When asked the question: â€Å"If you dropped a soccer ball from a height of 3 meters and assumed that the ball bounced back up to half its previous height, how long would it take the ball to come to rest?† most people would answer never because it would be continuing to bounce forever, we just wouldn’t be able to tell. However, this statement is wrong.

Blue Ridge Case †Activity Based Costing (ABC) Essay

1) Profitability Analysis: Blue Ridge Large Medium Small Total Sales $308,762.00 $183,744.00 $318,024.00 $810,530.00 Manufacturing Costs $112,552.70 $72,164.09 $162,864.09 $347,580.88 Sales and Administration Costs $78,303.47 $50,790.54 $156,805.99 $285,900.00 Total Costs $190,856.16 $122,954.63 $319,670.08 $633,480.88 Cost as % Sales 61.81% 66.92% 100.52% 78.16% Profit $117,905.84 $60,789.37 ($1,646.08) $177,049.12 Profit Margin 38.19% 33.08% -0.52% 21.84% Note: For detailed calculations please reference attached document. 2) Define action steps for Blue Ridge based on the analysis: The above customer profitability analysis indicates that the small customers have a negative profit margin. As this specific customer base accounts for 40% of Blue Ridges total sales volume we recommend the following action steps be taken in order to increase their profitability: * Develop an on line/electronic ordering system for customers in order to eliminate the high costs associated with entering purchase orders by Blue Ridge employees. Currently this represents 14.56% of total costs with 12.23% of total costs allocated to small customers. * Develop an electronic payment system for small customers, where payments are wired directly into Blue Ridges bank account before the order is processed and shipped. Currently credit checks for small customers represent  1% of total costs. * Study the effects on price increases for small customers. Currently, shipping costs for small customers represent 4.14% of the total costs, increasing the price for small customers could help offset the shipping costs. * Conduct a study on small customer orders to help determine if a minimum order requirement can help eliminate the costs associated with shipping without sacrificing the high volume. * Invest in new inking technology in order to help justify increases in prices. The investment should eliminate their customer complaints and increase their demand. * Determine the costs associated with investing in a higher quality towel and align with an appropriate sales strategy. * Determine if advertising costs are being properly allocated. * Study the effects of implementing an incentive program for the independent manufactures who achieve a certain sales volume. 3) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this customer profitability system. Did Blue Ridge define the right activities? Advantages: * The system provides managers with an insight into why differences exist in the operating incomes earned from different customers. * The system enables managers to determine profitability levels (profit contributions) of specific customer groups and highlights the costs assignable to each customer. * The system allocates costs of activities that support individual customer groups to aid in determining cost reduction strategies. * The System focuses on profit rather than turnover. * The system allocates the relevant costs associated with each customer. Disadvantages: * The system may prompt managers to make quick decision such as firing customers, instead of implementing cost cutting initiatives. * The system focuses heavily on the different types of customers rather than on the different products. * The system does not provide detailed information on the order size and frequency for each individual company within their customer group. * The system does not focus on customer behavior such as loyalty and future growth patterns. * The system does not enable managers to determine if price discounting will encourage increased purchases while minimizing profit erosion. In conclusion Blue Ridge defined the right activities; however they might want to consider conducting a product profitability analysis. This will enable them to manage the product mix more efficiently and identify future cost cutting in initiatives. In addition, we fell this would be another valuable exercise in determining weather or not going national would be profitable for Blue Ridge.

Corporate Social Responsibility And Its Legal Requirements

Introduction In today s economic and social environment, issues related to social responsibility and sustainability are gaining more and more importance, especially in the business sector (Webfinance. 2014). Business goals are inseparable from the societies and environments within which they operate. Whilst short-term economic gain can be pursued (Catalyst Consortium. 2002), the failure to account for longer-term social and environmental impacts makes those business practices unsustainable. In our current society, the Global Compact asks companies to embrace, support and enact, within their sphere of influence, a set of core values in the areas of human rights, labor standards, the environment and anti-corruption (Corporate Watch. 1996 –†¦show more content†¦2014).An example of CSR being implemented would be that business would contribute the community by giving away charity such as money or clothes. Another example would be of having an environmental clean-up in the area of the b usiness located. Business sustainability depends on organizations taking into account the social and environmental consequences of their actions and decisions whether it is today or in the future There is increasing pressure on organizations to make a POSITIVE contribution to society or reduce their NEGATIVE impact on society. Even around the world the governments are also moving towards the enforcement of certain parts of CSR. The most focused part of CSR is regards to the protection of the environment. Many businesses in the past have primarily concerned with increasing shareholders’ value. Shareholders are people who own a part of the business and share in its profits (G. Katherina. 2010). In big corporations, this could potentially include thousands of people who receive dividends and who hold shares in the business (Smallbizconnect. 2014). Legal requirements There are laws in CSR that give basic human rights to become recognised. Being a good CSR company includes respecting the human rights of those who come into contact with the corporation in any way. This might be in a direct contact (for example, employees or customers), or indirect contact (for example, workers of suppliers, or